The suspect, an Afghan man partially identified as Farhad N., 25, remained silent and did not offer a statement at the opening of the trial, sitting in the dock wearing a green fur-lined hooded jacket.
He faces two charges of murder and 44 of attempted murder, with prosecutors saying he acted out of a "religious motivation" and expected to die in the attack.
The vehicle rampage in February 2025 was one of several deadly attacks linked to migrants which inflamed a heated debate on immigration ahead of a general election that month.
Farhad N. is accused of deliberately steering his car into a 1,400-strong trade union street rally in Munich on February 13th.
The vehicle came to a halt after 23 metres (75 feet) "because its front wheels lost contact with the ground due to people lying in front of and underneath the car", according to the charge sheet.
A 37-year-old woman and her young daughter were both hurled through the air for 10 metres and sustained severe head injuries, of which they died several days later.
Prosecutors have said Kabul-born Farhad N. "committed the act out of excessive religious motivation", and that he had uttered the words "Allahu Akbar", meaning "God is the greatest", after the car rampage.
"He believed he was obliged to attack and kill randomly selected people in Germany in response to the suffering of Muslims in Islamic countries," they said when he was charged in August.
However, he is not believed to have been part of any Islamist militant movement such as the Islamic State group.
Farhad N. was examined by a psychiatrist after exhibiting "certain unusual behaviours" during pretrial detention, including a tic in which he sometimes twitches his head, a court spokesman said on Friday.
The preliminary psychiatric report concluded that he is criminally responsible, but the presiding judge has said that the issue could be considered during the proceedings, according to the spokesman.
The trial is scheduled to run for 38 days until the end of June.
Farhad N. arrived in Germany in 2016 as an unaccompanied teenager, having travelled overland at the height of the mass migrant influx to Europe.
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His asylum request was rejected but he was spared deportation, found work with a series of jobs and was able to remain in the country.
Police said Farhad N. worked in security and was heavily engaged in fitness training and bodybuilding.
Chancellor Friedrich Merz, who took power last May, has vowed to crack down on criminal migrants and has ramped up deportations of convicts to Afghanistan.
In December, Germany also deported a man to Syria for the first time since that country's civil war broke out in 2011.
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