The German suspect, who was arrested in May and who was not named, was allegedly ready to die and planned to release a video blaming Chancellor Olaf Scholz's support for Israel for the attack.
Two co-accused, men aged 18 and 25, have been charged with aiding and abetting the murder plot targeting a Jewish institution in either Frankfurt or Heidelberg.
Prosecutors said the main suspect had flown to Turkey in April with the intention of crossing to Syria to join Islamist fighters, but then abandoned the plan and returned to Germany.
Back home, the man from the Heilbronn area in southwest Germany allegedly exchanged ideas with the 18-year-old, a dual German-Turkish citizen, about what was meant to be a deadly attack.
"The motive was hatred of people of the Jewish faith," prosecutors in Stuttgart said in a statement.
When police moved to arrest the main suspect in May, he allegedly attacked them with knives and was shot in the arm and leg. He was charged in September with attempted manslaughter.
The third suspect, also a 25-year-old German from around Heilbronn, is accused of driving the main suspect to the airport for the Turkey flight and of being aware of his plans.
Since the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7th, 2023, and Israel's retaliatory onslaught on Gaza, German security services have been on alert for Islamist threats and anti-Semitic attacks.
Earlier this month, German police arrested a Libyan man on suspicion of having links to the Islamic State group and planning a gun attack against the Israeli embassy in Berlin.
In early September, Munich police shot dead a young Austrian man known for his links to radical Islamism after he opened fire at them and at the Israeli consulate in the Bavarian city.
Germany, which has long sought to atone for its Nazi history and the Holocaust, is a steadfast ally of Israel and has stressed Israel's right to self-defence since the October 7 attack.
However it has also pushed for a ceasefire in Israel's war in Gaza and repeatedly called on Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government to abide by international law.
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